# As a condition of accessing this website, you agree to abide by the following # content signals: # (a) If a Content-Signal = yes, you may collect content for the corresponding # use. # (b) If a Content-Signal = no, you may not collect content for the # corresponding use. # (c) If the website operator does not include a Content-Signal for a # corresponding use, the website operator neither grants nor restricts # permission via Content-Signal with respect to the corresponding use. # The content signals and their meanings are: # search: building a search index and providing search results (e.g., returning # hyperlinks and short excerpts from your website's contents). Search does not # include providing AI-generated search summaries. # ai-input: inputting content into one or more AI models (e.g., retrieval # augmented generation, grounding, or other real-time taking of content for # generative AI search answers). # ai-train: training or fine-tuning AI models. # use: how AI systems may consume the content (immediate, reference, or full). # ANY RESTRICTIONS EXPRESSED VIA CONTENT SIGNALS ARE EXPRESS RESERVATIONS OF # RIGHTS UNDER ARTICLE 4 OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DIRECTIVE 2019/790 ON COPYRIGHT # AND RELATED RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET. # BEGIN Cloudflare Managed content User-agent: * Content-Signal: search=yes,ai-train=no,use=reference Allow: / # Training crawlers User-agent: Amazonbot Disallow: / User-agent: Applebot-Extended Disallow: / User-agent: Bytespider Disallow: / User-agent: CCBot Disallow: / User-agent: ClaudeBot Disallow: / User-agent: Diffbot Disallow: / User-agent: Google-Extended Disallow: / User-agent: GPTBot Disallow: / User-agent: omgili Disallow: / User-agent: anthropic-ai Disallow: / User-agent: Claude-Web Disallow: / User-agent: cohere-ai Disallow: / User-agent: MistralAI-Training Disallow: / User-agent: meta-externalagent Disallow: / User-agent: GoogleOther Disallow: / User-agent: Baiduspider Disallow: / User-agent: PetalBot Disallow: / User-agent: AwarioSmartBot User-agent: AwarioRssBot Disallow: / User-agent: Google-CloudVertexBot Disallow: / User-agent: QualifiedBot Disallow: / User-agent: Cotoyogi Disallow: / User-agent: ICC-Crawler Disallow: / User-agent: atlassian-bot Disallow: / User-agent: FishBot Disallow: / User-agent: BorderxBot Disallow: / User-agent: NavuBot Disallow: / User-agent: SemrushBot-SWA Disallow: / User-agent: WARDBot Disallow: / User-agent: magpie-crawler Disallow: / User-agent: KimiBot Disallow: / User-agent: CitibotSiteCrawler Disallow: / # AI Agents User-agent: Perplexity-User Disallow: / User-agent: FireCrawl Disallow: / User-agent: FirecrawlAgent Disallow: / User-agent: Claude-User Disallow: / User-agent: ChatGPT-User Disallow: / User-agent: Google-Agent Disallow: / User-agent: Google-GeminiNotebook User-agent: Google-NotebookLM Disallow: / User-agent: MistralAI-User Disallow: / User-agent: Kimi-User Disallow: / User-agent: Amzn-User Disallow: / User-agent: meta-externalfetcher Disallow: / User-agent: Retool Disallow: / User-agent: Instapaper Disallow: / User-agent: ChathiveCrawler Disallow: / # END Cloudflare Managed Content Dr. Bed Prasad Dhakal | Mathematics Educator & Researcher

+977-9851000000 info@bedprasaddhakal.com.np Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tribhuvan University, Nepal • Academic Portal

Empowering Mathematics Education Through Innovation

Welcome to the academic platform of Dr. Bed Prasad Dhakal.

Browse & Download PDFs

Academic Modules

Courses & Instructional Materials

Differential Geometry (M.Ed)

Theory of space curves, Frenet-Serret frame, first & second fundamental forms, Gaussian curvature, and minimal surfaces.

Lecture Notes PDF

GeoGebra & ICT Pedagogy

Creating dynamic geometric constructions, calculus animations, and interactive TPACK web applets for classroom teaching.

Download Lab Guide

TSC Mathematics Preparation

Teacher Service Commission Secondary (MaVi) & Lower Secondary (NiMaVi) examination syllabus, pedagogy, and sets.

Get Question Sets

School Math (Grade 10 & 12)

Complete CDC curriculum mapping for SEE Mathematics and Grade 12 Higher Mathematics including model questions.

Model Papers PDF

Mathematical Modeling & Research Notes

In differential geometry, space curve properties are defined using the moving trihedron ($\vec{T}, \vec{N}, \vec{B}$) via the Frenet-Serret Formulas:

$$\frac{d\vec{T}}{ds} = \kappa \vec{N}, \quad \frac{d\vec{N}}{ds} = -\kappa \vec{T} + \tau \vec{B}, \quad \frac{d\vec{B}}{ds} = -\tau \vec{N}$$

Surface curvature is governed by the Theorema Egregium, showing that Gaussian curvature $K$ depends purely on the first fundamental form:

$$K = \frac{LN - M^2}{EG - F^2} = \frac{R_{1212}}{g_{11}g_{22} - g_{12}^2}$$

Document Repository

Educational PDFs & Resources

All documents are hosted locally in the pdfs/ directory. Click any document below to download or preview it.